Archive for 2010

INFECTIOUS DISEASES: TYPHUS

Sunday, December 26th, 2010
An acute infectious disease in which there is a rash, serious symptoms affecting the nervous system and a high fever. This disease is transmitted to human beings by the body louse and the rat fleas which are infected with an organism called Rickettsia prowazekii. A few days to two weeks after the person has first been infected, this disease begins, with pains in the head, back, and limbs. The fever rises rapidly to 104 or 105 degrees Fahrenheit. The symptoms affecting the nervous system are like those of typhoid fever.
The eruption appears on the fourth or fifth day with rose-colored spots scattered all over the body. Because this disease occurs so often among groups of people assembled together, it used to be called camp fever, jail fever, or ship fever. A similar condition is also known as Brill’s disease. In Latin America the condition is called tabardillo. Another similar condition is called scrub typhus and is known in the Orient as tsutsugamushi disease.
*38/318/5*

INFECTIOUS DISEASES: TYPHUSAn acute infectious disease in which there is a rash, serious symptoms affecting the nervous system and a high fever. This disease is transmitted to human beings by the body louse and the rat fleas which are infected with an organism called Rickettsia prowazekii. A few days to two weeks after the person has first been infected, this disease begins, with pains in the head, back, and limbs. The fever rises rapidly to 104 or 105 degrees Fahrenheit. The symptoms affecting the nervous system are like those of typhoid fever.The eruption appears on the fourth or fifth day with rose-colored spots scattered all over the body. Because this disease occurs so often among groups of people assembled together, it used to be called camp fever, jail fever, or ship fever. A similar condition is also known as Brill’s disease. In Latin America the condition is called tabardillo. Another similar condition is called scrub typhus and is known in the Orient as tsutsugamushi disease.*38/318/5*

STRESS AND MARRIAGE BREAKDOWN: BLAMING MARRIAGE ITSELF FOR MARRIAGE BREAKDOWN

Monday, December 20th, 2010
I think our society these days is inclined to see marriage itself as a cause of problems in marriage. For example, it is not uncommon to hear people blame their marriage for the deterioration in their sexual relationship: ‘I think I just got bored with the same old routine, Doctor!’ Likewise, people may blame their communication problems on ‘becoming bored with the same person’, or ‘We just grew apart.’
Therefore, people who blame the marriage for some of their relationship difficulties tend to see trial separation as an answer. Similarly, some people see divorce as an answer to problems of personal self-acceptance and personal worth. The tendency to think this way reflects primarily the philosophy of our post-war Western democracies, described ably by Paul Vitz as ‘selfism’.
Vitz contends that what our culture has done in relation to its views on the rights and responsibilities of the individual self, is to take the Christian concept of the self – each person intimately loved by God, unique, with specific gifts and talents to be used for God’s service – and then take God out of the picture. Thus we are left with the concept of each individual as unique and important, each with a specific destiny to fulfill, but there is no God, and there is no evil. Therefore our society, once it did away with the concept of sin, was left without anything to explain why we, who begin life as beautiful, innocent children, can grow up to be selfish, greedy, power-hungry, dissatisfied adults.
The response of our society was predictable. We discovered new devils and new bad influences to explain why we human beings always seem to create problems in getting along with one another. I find that people now tend to blame marriage, commitment to love relationships in general, family influences and society, as prime causes of their own unhappiness.
I believe if I stood on the street, asking all the people who walked past, whether society has a good or a bad influence on the individual person, that a lot of the people answering would say it had a bad influence. Many of these people answering my question would be healthy and fit, protected by this same society against catching all sorts of diseases, fed, clothed and entertained by the very system which they think is the basis of a lot of our interpersonal difficulties.
Similarly, marriage as a concept has come in for a great deal of criticism in recent years, particularly from younger people, who tend to see the solution to their fears of rejection in not signing up for life in marriage, but instead negotiating limited contractual agreements, mainly for the sake of the orderly disposal of shared property once the relationship breaks down.
Therefore people experiencing stress breakdown symptoms and relationship problems, if they are to save their marriages, need to resist a general society tendency to drift into divorce. In this climate of peer-group pressure in favour of splitting up, it almost seems as if it takes more psychic energy to stay together and face problems than split up and start again.
However, the people who have opted for divorce often find that divorce hasn’t solved their problems, but in fact, magnified them. Ex-husbands don’t become ex-fathers, nor do ex-wives become ex-mothers of children whose big problems begin when parents become divorced. Often people, who find themselves divorced as the result of stress breakdown affecting the marriage, find that when they lose their ex-partner, they lose their best friend.
It might sound an unexpected thing to say, but I believe from my experience in psychiatry, that divorce solves the problems of very few people. Easy divorce is associated with an increasing number of people being raised in one-parent families, in real poverty. I believe that stress breakdown is a major reason for divorce in this country, and the majority of those divorces are unnecessary.
*55/129/5*

STRESS AND MARRIAGE BREAKDOWN: BLAMING MARRIAGE ITSELF FOR MARRIAGE BREAKDOWN
I think our society these days is inclined to see marriage itself as a cause of problems in marriage. For example, it is not uncommon to hear people blame their marriage for the deterioration in their sexual relationship: ‘I think I just got bored with the same old routine, Doctor!’ Likewise, people may blame their communication problems on ‘becoming bored with the same person’, or ‘We just grew apart.’Therefore, people who blame the marriage for some of their relationship difficulties tend to see trial separation as an answer. Similarly, some people see divorce as an answer to problems of personal self-acceptance and personal worth. The tendency to think this way reflects primarily the philosophy of our post-war Western democracies, described ably by Paul Vitz as ‘selfism’.Vitz contends that what our culture has done in relation to its views on the rights and responsibilities of the individual self, is to take the Christian concept of the self – each person intimately loved by God, unique, with specific gifts and talents to be used for God’s service – and then take God out of the picture. Thus we are left with the concept of each individual as unique and important, each with a specific destiny to fulfill, but there is no God, and there is no evil. Therefore our society, once it did away with the concept of sin, was left without anything to explain why we, who begin life as beautiful, innocent children, can grow up to be selfish, greedy, power-hungry, dissatisfied adults.The response of our society was predictable. We discovered new devils and new bad influences to explain why we human beings always seem to create problems in getting along with one another. I find that people now tend to blame marriage, commitment to love relationships in general, family influences and society, as prime causes of their own unhappiness.I believe if I stood on the street, asking all the people who walked past, whether society has a good or a bad influence on the individual person, that a lot of the people answering would say it had a bad influence. Many of these people answering my question would be healthy and fit, protected by this same society against catching all sorts of diseases, fed, clothed and entertained by the very system which they think is the basis of a lot of our interpersonal difficulties.Similarly, marriage as a concept has come in for a great deal of criticism in recent years, particularly from younger people, who tend to see the solution to their fears of rejection in not signing up for life in marriage, but instead negotiating limited contractual agreements, mainly for the sake of the orderly disposal of shared property once the relationship breaks down.Therefore people experiencing stress breakdown symptoms and relationship problems, if they are to save their marriages, need to resist a general society tendency to drift into divorce. In this climate of peer-group pressure in favour of splitting up, it almost seems as if it takes more psychic energy to stay together and face problems than split up and start again.However, the people who have opted for divorce often find that divorce hasn’t solved their problems, but in fact, magnified them. Ex-husbands don’t become ex-fathers, nor do ex-wives become ex-mothers of children whose big problems begin when parents become divorced. Often people, who find themselves divorced as the result of stress breakdown affecting the marriage, find that when they lose their ex-partner, they lose their best friend.It might sound an unexpected thing to say, but I believe from my experience in psychiatry, that divorce solves the problems of very few people. Easy divorce is associated with an increasing number of people being raised in one-parent families, in real poverty. I believe that stress breakdown is a major reason for divorce in this country, and the majority of those divorces are unnecessary.
*55/129/5*

ASTHMA IN CHILDREN: THE INHALED ALLERGENS – OUTDOOR ALLERGENS -POLLENS IN DELHI

Wednesday, December 15th, 2010
Atmosphere in Delhi is never entirely free from pollens. During autumn (mid-September to mid-November), spring (mid-February to mid-April) and early summer (mid-April to mid-May), air borne pollens are in abundance, and the incidence of seasonal asthma is extremely high. Even perennial asthma patients show an aggravation of their symptoms in these months. On the other hand, there are fewer pollens in the air from June to mid-August, and mid-November to mid-February. These are also the months when hay fever and asthma patients find relief from their symptoms.
Trees contribute 30 per cent of the pollens in the air; significant among them are Salvadora, Prosopis, Terminalia, Ailanthus, Ricinus and Ehretia. Weeds contribute 38 per cent of the pollens in the Delhi air; the important ones are Chenopodium, Xanthium, Amaranthus, Cannabis, Artemesia, Rumex and Umbellifers. Of these, Xanthium alone contributes 18 per cent. Grasses contribute 20 per cent of the pollens in the air; these are Cynoden, Cenchrus Sorghum, Eragrostis, Imperata and Heteropogon.
The number of pollens in the atmosphere in an area varies from year to year depending upon meteorological conditions, such as rainfall, temperature, sunshine, wind velocity and wind-direction. If there is excessive rainfall before the pollination season, it stimulates profuse and vigorous growth of plants with a consequent increase in pollen production. Heavy rains during the pollen season, on the other hand, may interfere with the shedding of pollens or wash the air borne pollen down. This is one of the reasons why patients allergic to pollens get varied symptoms from year to year.
*27\260\8*

ASTHMA IN CHILDREN: THE INHALED ALLERGENS – OUTDOOR ALLERGENS -POLLENS IN DELHIAtmosphere in Delhi is never entirely free from pollens. During autumn (mid-September to mid-November), spring (mid-February to mid-April) and early summer (mid-April to mid-May), air borne pollens are in abundance, and the incidence of seasonal asthma is extremely high. Even perennial asthma patients show an aggravation of their symptoms in these months. On the other hand, there are fewer pollens in the air from June to mid-August, and mid-November to mid-February. These are also the months when hay fever and asthma patients find relief from their symptoms.Trees contribute 30 per cent of the pollens in the air; significant among them are Salvadora, Prosopis, Terminalia, Ailanthus, Ricinus and Ehretia. Weeds contribute 38 per cent of the pollens in the Delhi air; the important ones are Chenopodium, Xanthium, Amaranthus, Cannabis, Artemesia, Rumex and Umbellifers. Of these, Xanthium alone contributes 18 per cent. Grasses contribute 20 per cent of the pollens in the air; these are Cynoden, Cenchrus Sorghum, Eragrostis, Imperata and Heteropogon.The number of pollens in the atmosphere in an area varies from year to year depending upon meteorological conditions, such as rainfall, temperature, sunshine, wind velocity and wind-direction. If there is excessive rainfall before the pollination season, it stimulates profuse and vigorous growth of plants with a consequent increase in pollen production. Heavy rains during the pollen season, on the other hand, may interfere with the shedding of pollens or wash the air borne pollen down. This is one of the reasons why patients allergic to pollens get varied symptoms from year to year.*27\260\8*

SINUS INFECTIONS 2

Thursday, October 7th, 2010

You can usually recognise this complication by a copious dis­charge of pus from the affected side of the nose. Acute throbbing and pulsating pains in the upper jaw or forehead, depending upon which cavities are afflicted, often accompany the discharge. In chronic cases the pain may be absent and besides the one-sided discharge only hoarseness may point to sinusitis. Merely syringing the cavities will not get rid of the causes. In addition to specific natural remedies, other measures to draw the infection away must be employed. Onion poultices, while perhaps not very pleasant, are simple and effective. Chop an onion finely, place it between two pieces of gauze and bind it on the neck before retiring, leaving it overnight. The two homoeopathic remedies Hepar sulph. 4x and Cinnabaris 4x will help eliminate the pus and heal the affected part. This treatment usually makes syringing superfluous. For a chronic case, and when the trouble originated with a cold, hot compresses and baths always soothe and alleviate the pain.
*133/28/1*
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SINUS INFECTIONS

Thursday, October 7th, 2010

If you know how a sinus infection can come about, you will be able to see that, using natural remedies and treatment, it is quite simple to deal with the cause of this problem. For the most part, such an infection originates in the nose, especially after a head cold, sore throat, influenza, scarlet fever etc. It can also result from pus-forming bacteria in abscesses on the gums. When this happens, secretions are blocked, the circulation becomes restricted, the normal functions can no longer be sustained and the body must find another way out. The leucocytes and lymphocytes now appear on the scene to avert serious danger. The body has several options of defence and if the normal way of dealing with infection is not open, it will find another one to ward off the greatest danger, suppuration of the antrum or sinus being just one way of prevent­ing worse developments.
*132/28/1*
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FERTILITY: IF YOU’RE TRYING TO HAVE A CHILD…

Wednesday, June 16th, 2010
In 1977 two British scientists captured several eggs from the ovary of a woman who had been told she would never have children. Her fallopian tubes were blocked, and her eggs could not travel from her ovary to her uterus. The scientists slipped the tiny globs of potential life into a glass dish filled with liquid. They collected the husband’s sperm and poured it into the same flat saucer. After a few days of incubation, the physicians inserted the embryo into the woman’s uterus.
Nine months later, Louise Joy Brown came into the world. She was the first “test-tube baby.” Since then, more than 65,000 children around the world have found life in a glass dish. The United States alone has produced 44,000 such babies.
At the start, the procedure -called in vitro fertilization, or IVF -yielded only one live baby out of every 16 attempts, a 6 percent success rate. Today, however, the overall success rate has climbed to more than 18 percent. And new variations of the method have boosted many couples’ chances even further. More than 300 hospitals and clinics around the country offer a wide range of infertility services. At the best treatment centers, the success rate for IVF or one of its technical cousins is almost 40 percent.
There is more good news: The price has dropped. Fifteen years ago, a couple could spend about 100,000 dollars in efforts to have a baby, with no guarantees. Today, the price for IVF or other assisted reproductive technology hovers between 10,000 and 20,000 dollars. And it is still coming down, according to Dr. Alan DeCherney, president of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. The cost may be covered in whole or in part by insurance.
The new technology has helped thousands of couples fulfill their dreams of having children. But there are still difficulties to overcome. Getting pregnant the new way may mean taking powerful chemicals, the long-term effects of which are unknown. And women who undergo IVF tend to have a higher rate of miscarriage. Moreover, even though the price has dropped, going through infertility treatments can put a big dent in the family budget. Successful couples invariably say that the investment was the best they ever made. Failing couples, however, have likened the process to playing a slot machine with a 2,500 dollars minimum bet.
“The most important factor in determining success is the age of the woman,” explains Dr. Zev Rosenwaks, director of the Division of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility at New York Hospital. “Women younger than 34 have a 45 percent to 50 percent success rate. This figure drops until, by age 44, the success rate is 2 percent to 3 percent.”
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NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY: THE NURSE’S ROLE IN NUTRITIONAL CARE

Wednesday, June 16th, 2010
A correct, nutritious, attractive, and well-prepared meal for a patient requires the teamwork of the medical, nursing, and dietary services. In the hospital the dietitian translates the diet prescription into a menu and supervises the food preparation and service to the patient. If a selective menu is used, the dietary technician or nurse may help the patient to select his meals according to the diet prescription.
The nurse has the most continual direct contact with the patient and makes certain that he receives and consumes his meals under the best circumstances. As a nurse you would expect to prepare the patient for his meals so that his tray can be served as soon as it arrives. Perhaps you may need to feed him. Helping the patient to accept his diet by giving encouragement and praise is a decided contribution. This also means that you avoid criticism if he is not eating well or pity because the diet is one you would not like very much.
Observing, listening, and reporting are three important functions performed by the nurse in nutritional care. How well the patient eats his food, what kinds and amounts of food are refused, and the patient’s attitude toward his food are readily determined. You are more likely than anyone else to observe problems such as these: poorly fitting dentures and inability to chew; a sore mouth and pain when acid juices are taken; arthritic fingers that make it difficult to cut up food; portions that are too large for some elderly persons or too small for teen-agers; difficulty in breathing so that eating a large meal at one time is not possible; between-meal feedings interfering with the appetite for the meals; fatigue and poor appetite at the end of the day; and many others.
By listening you show your general interest in and your understanding of the patient, and help him to express his feelings and perhaps to “blow off steam.” You begin to learn that some foods are favorites, others are thoroughly disliked, and still others cannot be eaten because of religious beliefs. You become aware of what food means to the patient, and what concerns the patient may have about the diet he will have when at home.
Acting upon your information is essential to the best care of the patient. Sometimes it is direct action on your part. More often it involves reporting to the nursing supervisor, dietitian, or physician, depending upon the circumstances.
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