But remember that this is a pathological sequence of thought which is engendered by the psychological mechanisms which we have already discussed. If you find yourself thinking along these lines, concentrate on this. Yes, you have done wrong. We all have. And now you are suffering from pain. The pain has a real cause whether it be organic or psychological, and is in no way punishment for past misdeeds.

The Masochistic Embellishment of Pain.-Just as pain can become associated with the idea of punishment, it can also become associated with the feeling of pleasure. This rather complicated psychological reaction has its origin in sexual experience. The man is active. He is vigorous. His movements are forceful and may cause pain. Thus the ideas of sexual pleasure and causing pain may become associated. This is known as sadism. On the other hand, woman is passive. He does it to her, perhaps forcefully; and feelings of sexual pleasure are intermingled with pain. In these circumstances the pain itself may become tinged with pleasure. This is known as masochism. By various complex psychological reactions either man or woman may become sadistic or

masochistic, and the feeling of pleasure in giving or receiving pain may be transferred from sexual experience to the ordinary affairs of everyday life.

However, it is masochism, or the feeling of pleasure involved in experiencing pain, which concerns us in our present discussion. We could find many simple examples of this. When we scratch ourselves perhaps we get a strange feeling of pleasure as we actually injure the skin. There is often a great temptation to pick at the scab on a healing wound. As we pick it, there is a feeling of it hurting, but at the same time there is a pleasurable sensation. People often toy with a little piece of loose skin at the base of a fingernail in much the same way. Many people who discipline themselves very sternly are masochistic. This sometimes applies to those who swim every morning in winter, finding pleasure in the extreme cold. These examples merely serve to show that minor degrees of masochism are accepted as ‘normal behaviour.

Under some circumstances this same psychological mechanism of masochism can become stimulated and applied to pain of either functional or organic origin. In a perverse way the pain becomes tinged with a pleasurable feeling. This helps the sufferer to tolerate his pain, or if the condition is more fully developed he may really grow to enjoy the pain. However much this may help the individual to cope with his pain, we must remember that such a process is a gross perversion of the normal senses, and if allowed to develop to meet some particularly painful situation it is likely to lead to complications in other aspects of life.

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Claustrophobia

«This all happened a few years back, but I remember the story vividly.

‘It’s damn silly. Get the jitters if I go to the toilet and shut the door. The jitters, and can’t do what I came for. All right if I leave the door open. Can’t always do that. Know all about it. Tail gunner with the Lancasters. Thirty missions over Germany. It was at the bad time. They said ten per cent chance of coming through a tour of duty. I know all about that. Get caught in the search lights. God! How did it feel! All the ack-ack in the world firing. Terrible crash. But the old bus kept going. It’s the blast that makes the crash. Fighters on our tail. Gave them what I could. I know all that. Bombs away. Then home at last. Our ‘drome bombed out. Craters miles deep in the runway. Flying around in the dark, trying to find somewhere to get down. I know all about that. Off again in a couple of nights. Up the steps into that little box on the tail of the plane. Chap on the ground slams the door. How did it feel! I know all about that, but I still get the jitters if I close the door of the toilet. »

The psychopathology is painfully obvious to everyone including the patient. This demonstrates a very important point. There is a widespread delusion among people in general, and not a few psychiatrists and psychologists that a knowledge of the cause of nervous symptoms will make them go away. This is simply not true. The relief of the symptoms requires some other factor as well. This may sometimes be provided by the relief of stress in the profound experience of intensive meditation.

«Can’t stand being shut in. Terrible panic. Sweat. Heart thumps. Feel I’m going to faint. If I go anywhere, have to sit by the door. Better if it’s open. Have to sit by the door in church, and on an aisle at the cinema. »

Unlike the tail gunner, she had no idea as to the cause of her claustrophobia. However, when under deep hypnosis, she became very disturbed, crying out, ‘Let me out of here. Let me out.’ It transpired that she had regressed to an incident in childhood when her mother had locked her in the broom cupboard for being naughty.

The interesting point is that this dramatic insight did not give immediate relief to her claustrophobia. Her relief came only slowly over a period of some weeks as the level of her stress was gradually reduced.

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“It comes and goes. Has done so for years. Just now I am in a bad phase. Skin bad. Inflamed, itchy. And I’m bad too. Irritable, edgy. Not my usual self as when my skin is all right.”

His skin is bad, and he is bad. His brain is receiving a continuous in-put of disturbing impulses, making a background for the development of stress.

In these recurring skin troubles we are often faced with a complicated array of causes. Of course there is the genetic factor. Some people are born with sensitive skins. Then there is the allergic factor. Some are sensitive to different brands of soap or a detergent used in washing underclothes. Or the allergy may be a result of something eaten, and manifested in the skin. And stress. Of course, stress plays a part. In fact many of these recurring skin troubles are precipitated by stress. It often happens that the effects of allergy and stress combine to produce the rash.

Now we come to the main problem. The rash, and particularly the itching, by their disturbing impulses to the brain produce stress. Then the stress further aggravates the skin condition. In this situation some serious meditation will reduce the stress and so help the healing of the skin condition.

Fatigue

“I’m tired. Just tired. Little things are getting on top of me. I can usually cope. Cope well. But now I can’t. Everything is a muddle. Feel at my wits’ end.”

The message of this little book is that we should help our brain through act of mind and by what we do, so that we can cope with adverse circumstances. But of course we all have our limits. And some people have not fully learned the principles of the self-management of stress. So there may come the time when the individual is in fact overwhelmed, and becomes over-fatigued. This may arise through a number of circumstances – a smouldering chronic infection, sleeplessness, conflicts of conscience, or simply the ageing process and, of course, a greater load of mental or physical work than the individual can manage. Fatigue has a direct effect on our brain cells. Disturbing impulses are not so well integrated and the individual comes under stress.

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